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Percentage hurdle
A percentage hurdle (also electoral threshold) aims to counteract the “fragmentation” of a body or committee that results from allocating seats between large numbers of small lists. The percentage hurdle relates to the list level, also for personal proportional representation.
Germany operates a five-percent hurdle for federal- and state-parliament elections. In elections at municipal and district level, electoral thresholds are in some instances 3 percent and 2.5 percent.